An artist recreates Gettysburg with a lifelike cyclorama—and the painting changes how many people viewed the battle:

“No person should die without seeing this cyclorama,” declared a Boston man in 1885. “It’s a duty they owe to their country.” Paul Philippoteaux’s lifelike depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg was much more than a painting. It re-created the battlefield with such painstaking fidelity, and created an illusion so enveloping, that many visitors felt as if they were actually there.

For all its verisimilitude, though, the painting failed to capture the deeper truths of the Civil War. It showed the two armies in lavish detail, but not the clash of ideals that impelled them onto the battlefield. Its stunning rendition of a battle utterly divorced from context appealed to a nation as eager to remember the valor of those who fought as it was to forget the purpose of their fight. Its version of the conflict proved so alluring, in fact, that it changed the way America remembered the Civil War.

“The Great Illusion of Gettysburg.” — Yoni Appelbaum, The Atlantic

More Atlantic: “Why Do So Few Blacks Study the Civil War?” — Ta-Nehisi Coates, Dec. 4, 2011