John Carreyrou

In 2014, Tyler Shultz anonymously emailed a complaint to New York officials who administered a proficiency-testing program in which Theranos, a once promising blood testing company, was enrolled. Shultz complained that Theranos doctored research and ignored failed quality-control checks, and warned his grandfather, former Secretary of State George Shultz, who was serving as a company director, about his misgivings. Their relationship would become strained.

The Silicon Valley company, led by Elizabeth Holmes, is valued at $9 billion but is running into questions about its technology.